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1.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 41, jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004506

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the registry of physical activity and rest recommendations made to pregnant women and to explore their associated factors in a prenatal care program of primary care public institutions in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS An observational study was conducted. The sampling frame consisted of the medical records of the pregnant women who attended at least one prenatal care program between January 1 and December 31, 2012 (n = 2.932), in 21 primary care health centers. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, prenatal and clinical antecedents, and information related to health personnel and the organization of health centers as possible factors associated with the recommendations of physical activity and rest recorded in the clinical history. Logistic regression models were applied to explore associations with α = 0.10. RESULTS There was a frequency of 26.1% of PA recommendations and 3.6% of rest recommendation on record, issued by nutrition (97.3%) and medical (86.7%) professionals, respectively. The factors associated with the registration of physical activity recommendations were: being nulliparous pregnant (OR = 1.7), attending more than four Prenatal Care Attention Programs (OR = 2.2), having high or medium obstetric risk in the first prenatal care program (OR = 0.6), and being attended in the western (OR = 0.5) and eastern (OR = 0.2) administrative areas health centers. CONCLUSIONS The low frequency of physical activity recommendations found in the records makes it necessary to reinforce the management strategies of health centers and strengthen the monitoring and accompaniment to comply with the care protocols. In addition, it is necessary to train health teams on the benefits of physical activity and their proper prescription, considering the multiple benefits derived from their practice on the maternal-fetal health.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO Determinar la frecuencia del registro de recomendaciones de actividad física y reposo realizadas a las gestantes y explorar sus factores asociados, en un programa de atención de control prenatal de instituciones públicas de primer nivel de atención en Bucaramanga, Colombia. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio observacional. El marco muestral estuvo conformado por los registros médicos de las gestantes que asistieron al menos a un programa de atención de control prenatal entre el 1º de enero y 31 de diciembre de 2012 (n = 2,932), en 21 centros de salud de primer nivel de atención. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes prenatales, antecedentes clínicos, e información relacionada con el personal de salud y la organización de los centros de salud como posibles factores asociados con las recomendaciones de actividad física y reposo registrados en la historia clínica. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para explorar las asociaciones con un α = 0.10. RESULTADOS Se observó una frecuencia de 26.1% de registro de recomendaciones de AF y 3.6% de reposo, emitidas por parte de profesionales de nutrición (97.3%) y medicina (86.7%), respectivamente. Los factores asociados al registro de las recomendaciones de actividad física fueron: ser gestante nulípara (OR = 1.7), asistir a más de cuatro Programas de Atención de Control Prenatal (OR = 2.2), tener riesgo obstétrico alto o medio en el primer programa de atención de control prenatal (OR = 0.6) y ser atendidas en los centros de salud de las zonas administrativas de occidente (OR = 0.5) y oriente (OR = 0.2). CONCLUSIONES La baja frecuencia del registro de recomendaciones de actividad física encontrada, genera la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias de gestión de los centros de salud y fortalecer el monitoreo y acompañamiento en el cumplimiento de los protocolos de atención. Adicionalmente, es necesario capacitar a los equipos de salud sobre los beneficios de la actividad física y su prescripción adecuada, atendiendo a los múltiples beneficios derivados de su práctica sobre la salud materno-fetal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prenatal Care/methods , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Rest/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Exercise/psychology , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Anthropometry , Medical Records , Risk Factors , Health Personnel , Colombia , Prenatal Education/methods , Prenatal Education/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(6): 456-460, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984598

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a longitudinal investigation of cardiac vagal activity (CVA) by measuring resting HR and calculating the cardiac vagal index (CVI) in individuals undergoing sympathectomy for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study involving 22 patients, 13 of whom were female. The mean age was 22.5 ± 8.8 years. The palms, soles, and axillae were the most commonly affected sites. Resting HR was measured by an electrocardiogram performed 20 min before the 4-second exercise test (4sET), which was used in order to evaluate CVA at three different time points: before surgery, one month after surgery, and four years after surgery. Results: Resting HR (expressed as mean ± SE) was found to have decreased significantly at 1 month after surgery (73.1 ± 1.6 bpm before surgery vs. 69.7 ± 1.2 bpm at one month after surgery; p = 0.01). However, the HR values obtained at four years after surgery tended to be similar to those obtained before surgery (p = 0.31). The CVI (expressed as mean ± SE) was found to have increased significantly at one month after surgery (1.44 ± 0.04 before surgery vs. 1.53 ± 0.03 at one month after surgery; p = 0.02). However, the CVI obtained at four years after surgery tended to be similar to that obtained before surgery (p = 0.10). Conclusions: At one month after sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis, patients present with changes in resting HR and CVA, both of which tend to return to baseline at four years after surgery.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar longitudinalmente o comportamento da atividade vagal cardíaca (AVC) por meio da FC de repouso e do índice vagal cardíaco (IVC) de indivíduos submetidos à simpatectomia para o tratamento de hiperidrose primária. Métodos: Estudo de natureza descritiva e longitudinal que avaliou 22 pacientes (13 mulheres), com média de idade de 22,5 ± 8,8 anos. Os locais mais afetados eram as mãos, pés e axilas. A FC de repouso média foi mensurada através de eletrocardiograma 20 min antes do teste de exercício de 4 segundos (T4s), que foi utilizado para a avaliação da AVC em três momentos: antes da cirurgia, um mês após a cirurgia e quatro anos após a cirurgia. Resultados: A média ± erro-padrão da FC de repouso apresentou uma redução significativa entre a avaliação pré-operatória e um mês após a cirurgia (73,1 ± 1,6 bpm vs. 69,7 ± 1,2 bpm; p = 0,01), tendendo a retornar aos valores pré-operatórios quatro anos após a cirurgia (p = 0,31). Houve um aumento significativo do IVC entre o pré-operatório e um mês após a cirurgia (1,44 ± 0,04 vs. 1,53 ± 0,03; p = 0,02), tendendo também a retornar próximo aos valores do pré-operatório após quatro anos da cirurgia (p = 0,10). Conclusões: A simpatectomia resultou em alteração na FC de repouso e na AVC um mês após a cirurgia, retornando, após quatro anos, aos valores próximos do pré-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sympathectomy/methods , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Hyperhidrosis/surgery , Rest/physiology , Thoracoscopy , Time Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Hyperhidrosis/physiopathology
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(6): e7180, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889099

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on heart rate variability (HRV) indices at rest and during 6-min walk test (6MWT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Fifteen moderate to severe COPD patients were randomized and evaluated with and without (Non-EPAP) a 5 cmH2O EPAP device. Respiratory rate (RR) was collected at rest (5 min), during the 6MWT (5 min), and at recovery (5 min). Indices of HRV were computed in the time domain, in the frequency domain, and nonlinear analysis. For EPAP and Non-EPAP during the 6MWT, we found an increased mean heart rate (HR) (P=0.001; P=0.001) while mean RR (P=0.001; P=0.015) and RR tri index decreased (P=0.006; P=0.028). Peripheral oxygen saturation (P=0.019) increased at rest only in the EPAP group. In EPAP, correlations were found between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and low frequency (LF) sympathetic tonus (P=0.05; r=-0.49), FEV1 and high frequency (HF) parasympathetic tonus at rest (P=0.05; r=0.49), lactate at rest and LF during the 6MWT (P=0.02; r=-0.57), and lactate at rest and HF during 6MWT (P=0.02; r=0.56). Through a linear regression model, we found that lactate at rest explained 27% of the alterations of LF during 6MWT. The use of 5 cmH2O EPAP improved autonomic cardiac modulation and its complexity at rest in COPD patients. Although it did not influence the performance of the 6MWT, the EPAP device caused alterations in resting lactate concentration with an effect on sympatho-vagal control during the test.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Rest/physiology , Walk Test/methods , Cross-Over Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(3): 191-198, Sept. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887922

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Little has been studied on heart rate and its relationship with metabolic disorders. Objective: To identify possible association between heart rate (HR) and metabolic disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2.098 subjects, aged between 7 and 17 years. The variables evaluated were: HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), double-product (DP), myocardial oxygen consumption (mVO2), lipids, glucose and uric acid levels, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The values of HR at rest and effort were divided into quartiles. The association between continuous values of HR and cardiometabolic indicators was tested by linear regression. Results: LDL cholesterol presented a significantly higher mean (p = 0.003) in schoolchildren with resting HR greater or equal to 91 bpm, compared to students with less than 75 bpm. Compared with the quartiles of effort HR, SBP, DBP, glucose and uric acid presented high values when HR was greater or equal than 185 bpm. SBP, glucose and HDL cholesterol demonstrated a significant association with resting HR. Uric acid was observed as a predictor of increased effort HR. Conclusion: Schoolchildren with a higher resting HR have higher mean of LDL cholesterol. For effort HR, there was an increase in blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels. Uric acid has been shown to be a predictor of elevated effort HR.


Resumo Fundamento: Pouco se tem estudado sobre frequência cardíaca e suas relações com alterações metabólicas. Objetivo: Verificar se existe associação entre frequência cardíaca e disfunções metabólicas em crianças e adolescentes. Método: Estudo transversal com 2.098 escolares, com idade entre 7 e 17 anos. As variáveis avaliadas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e de pulso (PP), duplo-produto (DP), consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio (mVO2), perfil lipídico e glicêmico, níveis de ácido úrico, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Os valores de FC de repouso e esforço foram divididos em quartis. A associação entre os valores contínuos de FC com indicadores cardiometabólicos foi testada por meio da regressão linear. Resultados: O colesterol LDL apresentou média significativamente superior (p = 0,003) nos escolares com FC de repouso maior ou igual a 91 bpm, em comparação aos escolares que apresentaram menos de 75 bpm. Comparados com os quartis da FC de esforço, a PAS, PAD, glicose e ácido úrico apresentaram valores elevados quando a FC foi igual ou superior a 185 bpm. A PAS, a glicose e o colesterol HDL demonstraram associação significativa com a FC de repouso. Observou-se o ácido úrico como um preditor do aumento da FC de esforço. Conclusão: Escolares com FC de repouso mais elevada apresentam médias superiores de colesterol LDL. Para FC de esforço, observou-se elevação na pressão arterial, nos níveis de glicose e de ácido úrico. O ácido úrico demonstrou ser preditor da elevação da FC de esforço.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Rest/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Metabolic Diseases/diagnosis , Uric Acid/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glycemic Index/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Lipids/blood , Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology , Metabolic Diseases/blood
5.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(3): 257-262, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887559

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the applicability of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the effects of OSA severity on REE. Materials and methods Twenty-nine obese men, 41.5 ± 7 years old, with moderate and severe OSA were recruited. All subjects were submitted to a clinical polysomnography, body composition, and indirect calorimetry measurements. REE was also predicted by three different equations: Harris and Benedict (1919), Cunningham (1990), and DRI (2002). Results No effects of OSA severity on REE were found. The measured REE (2416.0 ± 447.1 kcal/day) and the REE predicted by equations were different from each other (F = 2713.88; p < 0.05): Harris and Benedict (2128.0 ± 245.8 kcal/day), Cunningham (1789.1 ± 167.8 kcal/day) and DRI (2011.1 ± 181.4 kcal/day). Pearson correlations showed a moderate positive correlation between the REE measured and predicted by all equations. Conclusion Our findings suggest that predictive equations for REE underestimate the energy expenditure in obese patients with sleep apnea. Also, no effects of OSA severity on REE were found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Rest/physiology , Algorithms , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/metabolism , Reference Values , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Body Composition/physiology , Calorimetry, Indirect/methods , Anthropometry , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(5): 405-410, May 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838733

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: High resting heart rate is considered an important factor for increasing mortality chance in adults. However, it remains unclear whether the observed associations would remain after adjustment for confounders in adolescents. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between resting heart rate, blood pressure and pulse pressure in adolescents of both sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1231 adolescents (716 girls and 515 boys) aged 14-17 years. Heart rate, blood pressure and pulse pressure were evaluated using an oscillometric blood pressure device, validated for this population. Weight and height were measured with an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively, and waist circumference with a non-elastic tape. Multivariate analysis using linear regression investigated the relationship between resting heart rate and blood pressure and pulse pressure in boys and girls, controlling for general and abdominal obesity. Results: Higher resting heart rate values were observed in girls (80.1 ± 11.0 beats/min) compared to boys (75.9 ± 12.7 beats/min) (p ≤ 0.001). Resting heart rate was associated with systolic blood pressure in boys (Beta = 0.15 [0.04; 0.26]) and girls (Beta = 0.24 [0.16; 0.33]), with diastolic blood pressure in boys (Beta = 0.50 [0.37; 0.64]) and girls (Beta = 0.41 [0.30; 0.53]), and with pulse pressure in boys (Beta = -0.16 [-0.27; -0.04]). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a relationship between elevated resting heart rate and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes and pulse pressure in boys even after controlling for potential confounders, such as general and abdominal obesity.


Resumo Fundamento: A frequência cardíaca de repouso é considerada um importante fator de aumento de mortalidade em adultos. Entretanto, ainda é incerto se as associações observadas permanecem após ajuste para fatores de confusão em adolescentes. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre frequência cardíaca de repouso, pressão arterial e pressão de pulso em adolescentes dos dois sexos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 1231 adolescentes (716 meninas e 515 meninos, idade de 14-17 anos). Frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial e pressão de pulso foram avaliadas com esfigmomanômetro oscilométrico validado para essa população. Peso e altura foram medidos com balança eletrônica e estadiômetro, respectivamente, e a circunferência abdominal, com uma fita inextensível. Análise multivariada com regressão linear investigou a relação entre frequência cardíaca de repouso, pressão arterial e pressão de pulso em meninos e meninas, controlando para obesidade geral e abdominal. Resultados: Valores maiores de frequência cardíaca de repouso foram observados em meninas (80,1 ± 11,0 bpm) em comparação a meninos (75,9 ± 12,7 bpm) (p ≤ 0,001). Frequência cardíaca de repouso associou-se com pressão arterial sistólica em meninos [Beta = 0,15 (0,04; 0,26)] e meninas [Beta = 0,24 (0,16; 0,33)], com pressão arterial diastólica em meninos [Beta = 0,50 (0,37; 0,64)] e meninas [Beta = 0,41 (0,30; 0,53)], e com pressão de pulso apenas em meninos [Beta = -0,16 (-0,27; -0,04)]. Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou a relação da frequência cardíaca de repouso elevada com aumento das pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica em ambos os sexos e com pressão de pulso em meninos, mesmo após controle para potenciais fatores de confusão, como obesidade geral e abdominal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Rest/physiology , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Waist Circumference/physiology , Arterial Pressure/physiology
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(7): 672-679, Oct. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829513

ABSTRACT

Summary Patients on intensive care present systemic, metabolic, and hormonal alterations that may adversely affect their nutritional condition and lead to fast and important depletion of lean mass and malnutrition. Several factors and medical conditions can influence the energy expenditure (EE) of critically ill patients, such as age, gender, surgery, serious infections, medications, ventilation modality, and organ dysfunction. Clinical conditions that can present with EE change include acute kidney injury, a complex disorder commonly seen in critically ill patients with manifestations that can range from minimum elevations in serum creatinine to renal failure requiring dialysis. The nutritional needs of this population are therefore complex, and determining the resting energy expenditure is essential to adjust the nutritional supply and to plan a proper diet, ensuring that energy requirements are met and avoiding complications associated with overfeeding and underfeeding. Several evaluation methods of EE in this population have been described, but all of them have limitations. Such methods include direct calorimetry, doubly labeled water, indirect calorimetry (IC), various predictive equations, and, more recently, the rule of thumb (kcal/kg of body weight). Currently, IC is considered the gold standard.


Resumo Os pacientes em cuidados intensivos apresentam alterações sistêmicas, metabólicas e hormonais, que podem afetar adversamente a condição nutricional e levar à rápida e importante depleção da massa magra e desnutrição. Vários fatores e situações clínicas podem exercer influência sobre o gasto energético (GE) de pacientes críticos, como idade, sexo, cirurgias, infecções graves, medicamentos, modalidade ventilatória e disfunção de órgãos. Dentre as condições clínicas que podem cursar com alteração do GE, encontra-se a lesão renal aguda (LRA), distúrbio complexo comumente observado em pacientes críticos, com manifestações que podem variar de mínimas elevações na creatinina sérica até insuficiência renal com necessidade dialítica. Dessa forma, essa população crítica apresenta necessidades nutricionais complexas e a determinação do gasto energético de repouso (GER) torna-se essencial para o ajuste da oferta nutricional e para o planejamento de uma nutrição adequada, assegurando que as necessidades energéticas sejam atingidas e evitando as complicações associadas à hiper ou hipoalimentação. Diversos métodos de avaliação do GE nessa população foram descritos, mas todos apresentam limitações. Dentre eles, destacam-se a calorimetria direta, a água duplamente marcada, a calorimetria indireta (CI), diversas equações preditivas e, mais atualmente, a regra de bolso (kcal/kg de peso). Atualmente, a CI é eleita o método padrão-ouro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rest/physiology , Calorimetry/methods , Critical Illness , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Algorithms , Predictive Value of Tests , Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism , Nutritional Requirements
8.
Med. reabil ; 34(1): 28-31, jan.-abr. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775915

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome do Imobilismo pode ser definida com alteração, em maior ou menor escala, dos órgãos e sistemas devido a limitação física ao movimento ou risco de vivenciar tal situação. As mais variadas situações clínicas podem levar à imobilidade desde as mais simples como as mais graves e complexas. A avaliação pelo médico fisiatra, se possível por equipe multiprofissional, para implantar medidas de prevenção de complicações do imobilismo já na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva é importante. Dentro da pluralidade de sinais e sintomas da imobilidade, apresentamos a compressão nervosa extrínseca em membro de paciente com internação prolongada na UTI.


The immobility syndrome is defined as the change, to a great or lesser etent, in organs and systems due to a state in which the individual experiences or is at risk for experiencing limitation of physical movement. Several diseases can lead to immobililty from the simplest to the most serious and complex. The evaluation by the physiatrist, if possible by multidisciplinary team to deploy immobility complications prevention measures already in the Intensive Care Unit is important. Within the plurality of signs and symptoms of immobility, we present the extrinsic nerve compression associated with prolonged ICU stay.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Rest/physiology , Hospitalization , Patients , Rehabilitation , Spinal Cord Injuries
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 12(2)abr.-jun. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-712256

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Dispneia é uma experiência subjetiva de desconforto respiratório, cujos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e de percepção são complexos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção de dispneia dos obesos em repouso e em atividades físicas habituais, utilizando três escalas de dispneia, e verificar a influência do peso corporal na percepção de dispneia crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, incluindo 140 pacientes com peso normal e sobrepeso (grupo controle) e obesidade graus I, II e III, que foram subdivididos em seis subgrupos. Dispneia crônica foi avaliada utilizando-se descritores de dispneia e percepção de dispneia em repouso e em atividades físicas habituais por meio três escalas de dispneia: Escala Analógica Visual, Escala de Diagrama de Custo de Oxigênio e Medical Research Council modificada. RESULTADOS: Os grupos tiveram distribuição homogênea quanto a gênero, idade, cor da pele, altura, status tabágico e atividade física. O peso corporal médio foi 109,5±30,9kg e o índice de massa corporal de 39,91±10,57kg/m², com diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p<0,001). Nenhum dos pacientes referiu dispneia em repouso em posição sentada, nas três escalas utilizadas. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto à percepção de dispneia em atividades físicas habituais, que se intensificaram nos grupos com o índice de massa corporal mais elevada (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos obesos livres de comorbidades que influenciam a percepção de dispneia não demonstram dispneia em repouso; todavia, apresentaram dispneia crônica em atividades físicas habituais da vida diária, que sofre influência do aumento progressivo do peso corporal...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dyspnea is a subjective experience respiratory distress whose pathophysiological mechanisms and perception are complex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of dyspnea in obese at rest and in habitual physical activities, using three scales of dyspnea, and check the influence of body weight on the perception of chronic dyspnea. METHDOS: Cross-sectional study including 140 patients with normal weight and overweight (control group) and obesity grades I, II and III, which were subdivided into six subgroups. Chronic dyspnea was assessed using descriptors of dyspnea and perception of dyspnea at rest and in daily physical activities through three dyspnea scales: Visual Analog Scale, Oxygen Cost Diagram scale and modified Medical Research Council. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous distributed according to gender, age, skin color, height, smoking status and physical activity. The average body weight was 109.5±30.9kg and body mass index 39.91±10.57kg/m², with significant differences between groups (p<0.001). None of the patients reported dyspnea at rest in a sitting position according to the three scales used. There were significant differences between the groups regarding the perception of dyspnea in daily physical activities, which were intensified in the groups with higher body mass index (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Obese individuals with no comorbidities which can influence the perception of dyspnea had no dyspnea at rest; however, they presented with chronic dyspnea in daily physical activities of daily living, influenced by the progressive increase in body weight...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Rest/physiology , Dyspnea/etiology , Exercise/physiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maximal Voluntary Ventilation , Spirometry
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(4): 440-446, June-August/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-686599

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the probability of oxygen desaturation in healthy individuals undergoing the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). METHODS: We enrolled 83 healthy subjects: 55 males (including 1 smoker) and 28 females. We determined pre-ISWT FEV1, FEV6, HR and SpO2, as well as post-ISWT HR and SpO2. RESULTS: Mean values overall were as follows: age, 35.05 ± 12.53 years; body mass index, 24.30 ± 3.47 kg/m2; resting HR, 75.12 ± 12.48 bpm; resting SpO2, 97.96 ± 1.02%; FEV1, 3.75 ± 0.81 L; FEV6, 4.45 ± 0.87 L; FEV1/FEV6 ratio, 0.83 ± 0.08 (no restriction or obstruction); incremental shuttle walk distance, 958.30 ± 146.32 m; post-ISWT HR, 162.41 ± 18.24 bpm; and post-ISWT SpO2, 96.27 ± 2.21%. In 11 subjects, post-ISWT SpO2 was higher than was pre-ISWT SpO2. In 17 subjects, there was a 4% decrease in SpO2 after the ISWT. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with and without post-ISWT oxygen desaturation in terms of age, gender, FEV1, FEV6, FEV1/FEV6, pre-ISWT SpO2, incremental shuttle walk distance, HR, or percentage of maximal HR. In the individuals with post-ISWT oxygen desaturation, the body mass index was higher (p = 0.01) and post-ISWT SpO2 was lower (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy individuals can present oxygen desaturation after the ISWT. Using the ISWT to predict subtle respiratory abnormalities can be misleading. In healthy subjects, oxygen desaturation is common after the ISWT, as it is during any intense physical activity. .


OBJETIVO: Determinar a probabilidade de dessaturação arterial em indivíduos saudáveis submetidos ao incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 83 indivíduos saudáveis, dos quais 55 eram homens (1 deles fumante) e 28 eram mulheres. Foram determinados VEF1 e VEF6 antes da realização do ISWT, assim como FC e SpO2 antes e depois do ISWT. RESULTADOS: As médias gerais foram as seguintes: idade, 35,05 ± 12,53 anos; índice de massa corporal, 24,30 ± 3,47 kg/m2; FC em repouso, 75,12 ± 12,48 bpm; SpO2 em repouso, 97,96 ± 1,02%; VEF1, 3,75 ± 0,81 L; VEF6, 4,45 ± 0,87 L; relação VEF1/VEF6, 0,83 ± 0,08 (sem restrição ou obstrução); distância percorrida no ISWT, 958,30 ± 146,32 m; FC pós-ISWT, 162,41 ± 18,24 bpm e SpO2 pós-ISWT, 96,27 ± 2,21% Em 11 indivíduos, houve um aumento da SpO2 após o ISWT, ao passo que em 17 houve uma queda de 4%. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com e sem dessaturação após o ISWT no tocante às variáveis idade, gênero, VEF1, VEF6, VEF1/VEF6, SpO2 basal, distância percorrida no ISWT, FC e porcentagem da FC máxima. Nos indivíduos que apresentaram dessaturação, o índice de massa corporal foi maior (p = 0,01) e a SpO2 pós-ISWT foi menor (p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Indivíduos saudáveis podem apresentar dessaturação após o ISWT. O uso do ISWT para prever a presença de problemas respiratórios sutis pode ser enganador. Em indivíduos saudáveis, a dessaturação é um evento comum após o ISWT, assim ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Exercise Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Rest/physiology , Walking/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Reference Values
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(4): 359-367, 05/abr. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671394

ABSTRACT

Functional MRI (fMRI) resting-state experiments are aimed at identifying brain networks that support basal brain function. Although most investigators consider a ‘resting-state' fMRI experiment with no specific external stimulation, subjects are unavoidably under heavy acoustic noise produced by the equipment. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of auditory input on the resting-state networks (RSNs). Twenty-two healthy subjects were scanned using two similar echo-planar imaging sequences in the same 3T MRI scanner: a default pulse sequence and a reduced “silent” pulse sequence. Experimental sessions consisted of two consecutive 7-min runs with noise conditions (default or silent) counterbalanced across subjects. A self-organizing group independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data in order to recognize the RSNs. The insula, left middle frontal gyrus and right precentral and left inferior parietal lobules showed significant differences in the voxel-wise comparison between RSNs depending on noise condition. In the presence of low-level noise, these areas Granger-cause oscillations in RSNs with cognitive implications (dorsal attention and entorhinal), while during high noise acquisition, these connectivities are reduced or inverted. Applying low noise MR acquisitions in research may allow the detection of subtle differences of the RSNs, with implications in experimental planning for resting-state studies, data analysis, and ergonomic factors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Brain Mapping/methods , Brain/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Noise , Rest/physiology
12.
Acta paul. enferm ; 25(spe1): 54-59, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-666733

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the sleep/rest needs of an elderly population cared for by the Family Health Strategy, based on Virginia Henderson's theoretical framework. METHOD: This descriptive, quantitative study was conducted from May to June, 2011 through the application of a questionnaire to 52 seniors living in an area covered by a Primary Health Care (PHC) unit in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The data were analyzed using statistical software. RESULTS: the sleep disorders most frequently reported by the seniors were: sleeping less than four hours a night (84.6%), daytime sleepiness (71.2%), nighttime awakenings (71.2%), and the use of sleep medications (21.2%). Association was significant in relation to the variables: age (p=0.05), morbidities (p=0.02), smoking (p=0.01), and pain when moving (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The sleep/rest needs of seniors were significantly associated with socio-economic factors and health conditions.


OBJETIVO: Analisar as demandas de necessidades relacionadas ao sono/repouso de uma população idosa no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família, fundamentada no referencial de Virgínia Henderson. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, realizado entre maio e junho de 2011, mediante aplicação de formulário a 52 idosos residentes na área coberta por uma unidade básica de saúde de Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram analisados por meio de software estatístico. RESULTADOS: Os problemas de sono mais comum entre os idosos foram: dormir menos de 4 horas por noite (84,6%), sonolência diurna (71,2%), despertares noturnos (71,2%), uso de medicamentos para dormir (21,2%). A análise de associação mostrou-se significativa com as variáveis, idade (p=0,05), presença de morbidade (p=0,02), tabagismo (p=0,01) e dor ao mover-se (p=0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As demandas para a necessidade de dormir/repousar nos idosos estiveram associadas significativamente a fatores socioeconômicos e condições de saúde.


OBJETIVO: Analizar las demandas de necesidades relacionadas al sueño/reposo de una población anciana en el ámbito de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, fundamentada en el referencial de Virginia Henderson. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo, realizado entre mayo y junio del 2011, mediante la aplicación de un formulario a 52 ancianos residentes en el área cubierta por una unidad básica de salud de Fortaleza-CE. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de un software estadístico. RESULTADOS: Los problemas de sueño más comunes entre los ancianos fueron: dormir menos de 4 horas por noche (84,6%), somnolencia diurna (71,2%), despertares nocturnos (71,2%), uso de medicamentos para dormir (21,2%). El análisis de asociación se mostró significativo con las variables, edad (p=0,05), presencia de morbilidad (p=0,02), tabaquismo (p=0,01) y dolor al moverse (p=0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Las demandas para la necesidad de dormir/reposar en los ancianos estuvieron asociados significativamente a factores socioeconómicos y condiciones de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Rest/physiology , Needs Assessment , Health of the Elderly , Sleep/physiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
13.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 265-274, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-89589

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Resting-state networks (RSNs), including the default mode network (DMN), have been considered as markers of brain status such as consciousness, developmental change, and treatment effects. The consistency of functional connectivity among RSNs has not been fully explored, especially among resting-state-related independent components (RSICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This resting-state fMRI study addressed the consistency of functional connectivity among RSICs as well as their spatial consistency between 'at day 1' and 'after 4 weeks' in 13 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: We found that most RSICs, especially the DMN, are reproducible across time, whereas some RSICs were variable in either their spatial characteristics or their functional connectivity. Relatively low spatial consistency was found in the basal ganglia, a parietal region of left frontoparietal network, and the supplementary motor area. The functional connectivity between two independent components, the bilateral angular/supramarginal gyri/intraparietal lobule and bilateral middle temporal/occipital gyri, was decreased across time regardless of the correlation analysis method employed, (Pearson's or partial correlation). CONCLUSION: RSICs showing variable consistency are different between spatial characteristics and functional connectivity. To understand the brain as a dynamic network, we recommend further investigation of both changes in the activation of specific regions and the modulation of functional connectivity in the brain network.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Brain/physiology , Brain Mapping , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neural Pathways/physiology , Regression Analysis , Rest/physiology
14.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(3): 213-218, abr. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588893

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate hormonal responses to incremental-stage exercise (EX) test to exhaustion in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Adolescents were tested at 16 years of age in Tanner Stage 4 (TS4) and at 17 years of age in Tanner Stage 5 (TS5) (n = 6). Adults were tested at 21 ± 1 y. (X ± SD) (n = 4) and served as controls. Blood samples were taken at rest, at the end of each EX stage. RESULTS: Main effects for EX in cortisol (p < 0.01, increasing with each EX stage) and for subject group for testosterone (T) occurred (p < 0.01; TS4 < TS5, adults). Interaction effect of group by EX stage occurred for GH (p < 0.05). GH increased in response to EX in all groups, however, the magnitude of increase was significantly less for TS5 and adults than TS4. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in T and GH responses for TS4 than those for TS5 and adults reflect the differing maturation levels of the endocrine system between Tanner Stages. TS5 adolescents are more similar to young adults in hormonal responses to EX than are TS4 adolescents.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as respostas hormonais ao teste de exercício em estágios incrementais (EX) até exaustão. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram examinados adolescentes com 16 anos de idade e índice Tanner 4 (TS4) e com 17 anos de idade e índice Tanner Stage 5 (TS5) (n = 6), e adultos com 21 ± 1 anos de idade. (X ± SD) (n = 4), estes últimos compondo o grupo controle. As amostras de sangue foram retiradas no repouso e ao final de cada estágio EX. RESULTADOS: Os principais efeitos observados no EX ocorreram no cortisol (p < 0,01, aumentou com a elevação do estágio EX) e no grupo de testosterona (p < 0,01; TS4 < TS5, adultos). Houve efeito de interação entre grupos e por estágio de EX no grupo de hormônio de crescimento (p < 0,05). O hormônio de crescimento aumentou em todos os grupos em resposta ao EX, no entanto, a magnitude dos aumentos observados foi significativamente menor em TS5 e nos adultos do que em TS4. CONCLUSÕES: As diferenças verificadas nas respostas dos grupos de testosterona e hormônio de crescimento em TS4 em relação ao TS5 e adultos refletem os diferentes níveis de maturação do sistema endócrino entre os estágios do índice de Tanner. Os adolescentes no TS5 se assimilam mais aos jovens adultos do que aos adolescentes TS4, quanto a suas respostas hormonais ao EX.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Exercise/physiology , Hormones/blood , Physical Exertion/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Adolescent Development/physiology , Hormones/classification , Rest/physiology
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(6): 713-719, dez. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572202

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A frequência cardíaca em repouso (cuja média está entre 60 e 80 bpm) é uma das mais simples variáveis cardiovasculares e tem sido considerada como um preditor de mortalidade cardiovascular e geral. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor preditivo da frequência cardíaca em repouso (FCR), antes do teste ergométrico (TE), na mortalidade cardiovascular (CV) e geral. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle, que utilizou informações contidas nos bancos de dados do laboratório de ergometria de um hospital especializado em cardiologia e os registros de óbitos da Secretaria da Saúde em uma cidade do sul do Brasil, de janeiro de 1995 a junho de 2007. Foram analisados 7.055 pacientes, sendo 1.645 (23,3 por cento) do grupo caso (óbitos) e 5.410 (76,7 por cento) do grupo controle (vivos). Foi calculado o ponto de corte da FCR para mortalidade, através da curva ROC e realizada a análise multivariada para as variáveis selecionadas. Os desfechos foram mortalidade CV e geral. RESULTADOS: A incidência de mortalidade CV foi de 674 casos (9,5 por cento); a FCR > 78 bpm foi o ponto de corte. Após ajustado para as variáveis selecionadas, o odds ratio (OR) para FCR > 78 bpm foi de 3,5 (IC 95 por cento = 2,9 - 4,2) para mortalidade CV e 3,6 (IC 95 por cento = 3,2 - 4,0) para mortalidade geral. CONCLUSÃO: A FCR > 78 bpm é um preditor independente de mortalidade cardiovascular e geral.


BACKGROUND: Resting heart rate (which ranges from 60 to 80 bpm) is one of the simplest cardiovascular parameters, and has been considered as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of resting heart rate (RHR) before exercise stress testing (ET) for cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. METHODS: This was a case-control study using data from the database of the Exercise Testing Laboratory of a cardiac hospital and the death records of the Health Department of a city located in the South of Brazil from January 1995 to June 2007. A total of 7,055 patients were studied; 1,645 (23.3 percent) in the case group (deceased) and 5,410 (76.7 percent) in the control group (alive). The cut-off value of RHR for mortality was derived from the ROC curve, and a multivariate analysis was performed for the selected variables. The study's outcome measures were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventy-four patients died of cardiovascular diseases (9.5 percent); the cut-off value was RHR > 78 bpm). After adjusting for selected variables, the odds ratio (OR) of RHR > 78 bpm was 3.5 (95 percent CI 2.9 to 4.2) for CV mortality and 3.6 (95 percent CI 3.2 to 4.0) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: Resting heart rate > 78 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.


FUNDAMENTO: La frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (cuya media está entre 60 y 80 lpm) es una de las más simples variables cardiovasculares y ha sido considerada como un predictor de mortalidad cardiovascular y general.' OBJETIVO: Evaluar el valor predictivo de la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (FCR), antes del test ergométrico (TE), en la mortalidad cardiovascular (CV) y general. MÉTODOS: Estudio de caso-control, que utilizó informaciones contenidas en los bancos de datos del laboratorio de ergometría de un hospital especializado en cardiología y los registros de óbitos de la Secretaría de Salud en una ciudad del sur del Brasil, de enero de 1995 a junio de 2007. Fueron analizados 7.055 pacientes, siendo 1.645 (23,3 por ciento) del grupo caso (óbitos) y 5.410 (76,7 por ciento) del grupo control (vivos). Fue calculado el punto de corte de la FCR para mortalidad, a través de la curva ROC y realizado el análisis multivariado para las variables seleccionadas. Los desenlaces fueron mortalidad CV y general. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de mortalidad CV fue de 674 casos (9,5 por ciento); la FCR > 78 lpm fue el punto de corte. Después de ajustado para las variables seleccionadas, el odds ratio (OR) para FCR > 78 lpm fue de 3,5 (IC 95 por ciento = 2,9 - 4,2) para mortalidad CV y 3,6 (IC 95 por ciento = 3,2 - 4,0) para mortalidad general. CONCLUSIÓN: La FCR > 78 lpm es un predictor independiente de mortalidad cardiovascular y general.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Heart Rate/physiology , Rest/physiology , Age Distribution , Epidemiologic Methods , Exercise Test , Reference Values , Sex Distribution , Time Factors
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(10): 982-988, Oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-561228

ABSTRACT

Heart rate variability (HRV) provides important information about cardiac autonomic modulation. Since it is a noninvasive and inexpensive method, HRV has been used to evaluate several parameters of cardiovascular health. However, the internal reproducibility of this method has been challenged in some studies. Our aim was to determine the intra-individual reproducibility of HRV parameters in short-term recordings obtained in supine and orthostatic positions. Electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were obtained from 30 healthy subjects (20-49 years, 14 men) using a digital apparatus (sampling ratio = 250 Hz). ECG was recorded for 10 min in the supine position and for 10 min in the orthostatic position. The procedure was repeated 2-3 h later. Time and frequency domain analyses were performed. Frequency domain included low (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) bands. Power spectral analysis was performed by the autoregressive method and model order was set at 16. Intra-subject agreement was assessed by linear regression analysis, test of difference in variances and limits of agreement. Most HRV measures (pNN50, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) were reproducible independent of body position. Better correlation indexes (r > 0.6) were obtained in the orthostatic position. Bland-Altman plots revealed that most values were inside the agreement limits, indicating concordance between measures. Only SDNN and NNv in the supine position were not reproducible. Our results showed reproducibility of HRV parameters when recorded in the same individual with a short time between two exams. The increased sympathetic activity occurring in the orthostatic position probably facilitates reproducibility of the HRV indexes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Rate/physiology , Posture/physiology , Electrocardiography , Reproducibility of Results , Rest/physiology , Time Factors
17.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(10): 1963-1971, Oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-561308

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe resting pulse rate and associated factors among adolescents. This was a cross-sectional analysis nested in a prospective cohort study, including 4,452 adolescents born in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil in 1993, representing 87.5 percent of the original cohort. Pulse rate was measured with an electronic device at the beginning and end of the interview, and the mean value was used in the analyses. Mean pulse rate was 78.4bpm (SD = 11.0) in the total sample, 76.5bpm (SD = 10.7) in boys, and 80.2bpm (SD = 10.9; p < 0.001) in girls. Black adolescents showed lower mean pulse rates. There was a direct association between pulse rate and blood pressure. Physical activity was inversely associated with pulse rate in the crude analysis only. Elevated pulse rate is strongly associated with high blood pressure, and both variables are predictors of risk of chronic disease in adulthood.


O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a freqüência do pulso de repouso em adolescentes e avaliar variáveis associadas. Trata-se de análise transversal aninhada a um estudo de coorte prospectivo, incluindo 4.452 adolescentes nascidos em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 1993, os quais representam 87,5 por cento da coorte original. A freqüência do pulso foi mensurada no início e ao final da entrevista com aparelho digital, sendo o valor médio utilizado nas análises. O valor médio da freqüência do pulso foi de 78,4bpm (DP = 11,0), sendo de 76,5bpm (DP = 10,7) nos meninos e 80,2bpm (DP = 10,9; p < 0,001) nas meninas. Os adolescentes com pele preta apresentaram valores mais baixos da freqüência do pulso. Houve uma forte associação positiva entre pressão arterial e freqüência do pulso. O escore de atividade física associou-se inversamente com a freqüência do pulso somente na análise bruta. Valores elevados de freqüência do pulso estão fortemente relacionados com valores elevados de pressão arterial, sendo ambas variáveis preditoras do risco de doenças crônicas na vida adulta.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Heart Rate/physiology , Motor Activity , Rest/physiology , Brazil , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(3): 381-391, set. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560560

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) está associada com aumento da quimio-sensibilidade periférica e central em repouso, que pode estar correlacionada com um aumento na resposta ventilatória durante exercício. Entretanto, SUS sensibilidade na IC durante o exercício ainda não foi reportada. OBJETIVO: Testar se o estímulo dos quimiorreceptores centrais e periféricos em pacientes com IC pode modular respostas ventilatórias, cronotrópicas e neurohormonais durante exercício submáximo. MÉTODOS: Investigamos a quimio-sensibilidade central e periférica em 15 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e 7 controles normais (C), comparando a resposta durante 3 testes de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), realizado em esteira ergométrica com: ar ambiente, em hipóxia e em hipercapnia (em ordem randômica). RESULTADOS: FR em ar ambiente nos grupos C e IC foi 17±2 e 22±2 (p<,0001); em hipóxia, foi 17±1 e 23±2 (p<,02); com CO25 por cento foi 20±2 e 22±5 (p<,02). Volume tidal (VT) ou corrente em ar ambiente foi 1,25±0,17 e 1,08±0,19 (p<,01); em hipóxia 1,65±0,34 e 1,2±0,2(p<,0001); com CO25 por cento 1,55±0,46 e 1,29±0,39 (p<,0001). Em repouso, o aumento na IC foi maior para VE (C 33±40 por cento, IC 62±94 por cento, p<,01), FC(C 7±10 por cento, IC 10±10 por cento, p<0,05) em repouso. Durante a hipóxia, o aumento durante o exercício na IC foi maior para FR (C 1±4, IC 11±6,p<,05), FC (C 12±2, IC 14±3, p<,05), VE/VO2 (C -4±18 por cento, IC 24±21 por cento, p<,01), FC/VO2 (C -26±11 por cento, IC 11±5 por cento, p<,01), VE/DC (C 36±10 por cento, 46±14, p<,05 por cento ) and FC/DC (C 18±8 por cento, HF 29±11, p<,01). Durante exercício em hipóxia no grupo IC, o NO diminuiu e os níveis de IL-6 e aldosterona aumentaram. Os níveis neurohormonais permaneceram inalterados no grupo C. CONCLUSÃO: A quimio-sensibilidade central e a periférica durante o exercício estão aumentadas na IC e podem modular padrões respiratórios, cronotrópicos cardíacos e atividade neurohormonal durante exercício.


BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is associated with resting increased peripheral and central chemosensitivity which may correlate with an increased ventilatory response to exercise. However, its sensitivity in HF during exercise was never really reported. OBJECTIVE: We tested if stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in HF patients could modulate ventilatory, chronotropic, and neurohormonal response during submaximal exercise. METHODS: We investigated central and peripheral chemosensitivity in 15 HF and 7 control (C) comparing response through three 6 minute walking tests conducted in a treadmill with : room air, hypoxia, and hypercapnia (in a randomic order). RESULTS: RR at room air C and HF was 17±2 and 22±2 (p<.0001); at hypoxia 17±1 and 23±2 (p<.02); at CO25 percent was 20±2 and 22±5 (p<.02). Tidal volume (TV) at room air was 1.25±0.17 and 1.08±0.19 (p<.01); at hypoxia 1.65±0.34 and 1.2±0.2 (p<.0001); at CO25 percent 1.55±0.46 and 1.29±0.39 (p<.0001). At rest the increment in HF was higher for VE (C 33±40 percent, HF 62±94 percent, p<.01), HR(C 7±10 percent, HF 10±10 percent, p<0.05) at rest. During hypoxia exercise increment in HF was higher for RR (C 1±4, HF 11±6,p<.05), HR (C 12±2, HF 14±3, p<.05), VE/VO2 (C -4±18 percent, HF 24±21 percent, p<.01), HR/VO2 (C -26±11 percent, HF 11±5 percent, p<.01), VE/WD (C 36±10 percent, 46±14, p<.05 percent) and HR/WD (C 18±8 percent, HF 29±11, p<.01). During HF hypoxia exercise NO reduced, and IL-6, aldosterone levels increased. Neurohormonal levels unchanged in C. CONCLUSION: Exercise peripheral and central chemosensitivity are increased in HF and may modulate respiratory pattern, cardiac chronotropic, and neurohormonal activity during exercise.


FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) está asociada con aumento de la quimiosensibilidad periférica y central en reposo, que puede estar correlacionada con un aumento en la respuesta ventilatoria durante ejercicio. Mientras tanto, SUS sensibilidad en la IC durante el ejercicio aun no fue reportada. OBJETIVO: Verificar si el estímulo de los quimiorreceptores centrales y periféricos en pacientes con IC puede modular respuestas ventilatorias, cronotrópicas y neurohormonales durante ejercicio submáximo. MÉTODOS: Investigamos la quimiosensibilidad central y periférica en 15 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y 7 controles normales (C), comparando la respuesta durante 3 tests de caminata de 6 minutos (TC6M), realizado en cinta ergométrica con: aire ambiente, en hipoxia y en hipercapnia (en orden randómico). RESULTADOS: FR en aire ambiente en los grupos C y IC fue 17±2 y 22±2 (p<,0001); en hipoxia, fue 17±1 y 23±2 (p<.02); con CO25 por ciento fue 20±2 y 22±5 (p<,02). Volumen tidal (VT) o corriente en aire ambiente fue 1,25±0,17 y 1,08±0,19 (p<,01); en hipoxia 1,65±0,34 y 1,2±0,2 (p<,0001); con CO25 por ciento 1,55±0,46 y 1,29±0,39 (p<,0001). En reposo, el aumento en la IC fue mayor para VI (C 33±40 por ciento, IC 62±94 por ciento, p<,01), FC(C 7±10 por ciento, IC 10±10 por ciento, p<0,05) en reposo. Durante la hipoxia, el aumento durante el ejercicio en la IC fue mayor para FR (C 1±4, IC 11±6, p<.05), FC (C 12±2, IC 14±3, p<.05), VI/VO2 (C -4±18 por ciento, IC 24±21 por ciento, p<.01), FC/VO2 (C -26±11 por ciento, IC 11±5 por ciento, p<.01), VI/DC (C 36±10 por ciento, 46±14, p<.05 por ciento) y FC/DC (C 18±8 por ciento, HF 29±11, p<.01). Durante ejercicio en hipoxia en el grupo IC, el NO disminuyó y los niveles de IL-6 y aldosterona aumentaron. Los niveles neurohormonales permanecieron inalterados en el grupo C. CONCLUSIÓN: La quimiosensibilidad central y la periférica durante el ejercicio están aumentadas en la IC y pueden modular estándares respiratorios, cronotrópicos cardíacos y actividad neurohormonal durante ejercicio.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology , Exercise Test/methods , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Neurotransmitter Agents/blood , Respiration , Air , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Rest/physiology , Walking/physiology
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(4): 512-518, abr. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546697

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Apesar de os estudos demonstrarem a ocorrência da hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) em exercícios resistidos, ainda não há consenso sobre um protocolo ideal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes intervalos de recuperação (IR) entre séries de exercício resistido (ER) na pressão arterial (PA) pós-exercício. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis homens jovens sedentários e não hipertensos realizaram, de forma contrabalanceada três protocolos de ER com 1 (P1), 2 (P2) e 3 (P3) minutos de IR entre as séries, e um protocolo controle (CON). Os protocolos de ER consistiram em três séries de oito repetições em seis exercícios. As cargas utilizadas na 1ª, 2ª e 3ª série dos exercícios foram respectivamente 80, 70 e 60 por cento de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). As medidas foram realizadas em repouso (REP), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), 75 (T75) e 90 (T90) minutos após a sessão. Foi realizada uma análise de variância fatorial (ANOVA) com post hoc LSD. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada alteração significativa na PA sistólica após os protocolos. Foi encontrado um aumento significativo da PA diastólica, após o CON, nos momentos T45 e T90. Ocorreu redução significativa na PA diastólica após P1 e P3, com duração de 30 e 15 minutos respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas respostas da PA sistólica e diastólica entre os protocolos com diferentes IR. CONCLUSÃO: Parece que o IR não influencia a redução da PA sistólica após uma sessão de ER. No entanto, foi encontrada uma queda na PA diastólica (P1 e P3) com duração de até 30 minutos.


BACKGROUND: Although studies have demonstrated the occurrence of postexercise hypotension (PEH) in resistance exercises, there is still no consensus on an ideal protocol. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different rest intervals (RI) between resistance exercise (RE) sets on postexercise blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Sixteen sedentary non-hypertensive young men performed three RE protocols with RI of 1 (P1), 2 (2) and 3 (P3) minutes between the sets, as well as a control protocol (CON), in a counterbalanced manner. The RE protocols consisted of three sets of eight repetitions in six exercises. The loads used in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd exercise sets were 80 percent, 70 percent and 60 percent of one repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. Measurements were taken at rest (RES), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), 75 (T75), and 90 (T90) minutes after the session. Factorial analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out, followed by post hoc LSD. RESULTS: No significant change was found in systolic BP after the protocols. A significant increase in diastolic BP was verified after CON at timepoints T45 and T90. Significant reduction in diastolic BP occurred after P1 and P3, with duration of 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. No significant differences were found in the systolic and diastolic BP responses between the protocols with different RI. CONCLUSION: RI does not seem to influence systolic BP reduction after an RE session. However, reductions in diastolic BP (P1 and P3) lasting up to 30 minutes were observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Resistance Training/methods , Rest/physiology , Sedentary Behavior , Analysis of Variance , Diastole/physiology , Systole/physiology , Young Adult
20.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(1): 37-44, fev. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-544030

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de L-carnitina, por 30 dias, sobre a taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR) e oxidação de ácidos graxos livres (AGL), em repouso e exercício. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Vinte e um voluntários ativos (40 a 58 anos) com sobrepeso foram randomizados em dois grupos: suplementado (GS; N = 11; 1,8 g/dia de L-carnitina) e placebo (GP; N = 10; maltodextrina). Foi feita avaliação da ingestão calórica, antropometria, determinação da TMR, VO2máx, quociente respiratório e AGL plasmáticos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa na ingestão (-244,66 vs. -126,00 kcal/dia), composição corporal (-0,07 vs. -0,17 kg/m²), TMR (0,06 vs. -0,02 kcal/ dia), quociente respiratório em repouso (3,69 vs. -1,01) e exercício (0,01 vs. -0,01) e VO2máx (0,50 vs. 1,25 mL/kg/min) para o grupo GS em relação ao GP. Houve aumento dos AGL em repouso no GP (0,27), porém sem diferenças no exercício para os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve efeito da L-carnitina em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas no estudo.


PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation, over thirty days, on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) under rested or exercised conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one overweight active volunteers (40 to 58 years old) were randomized into two groups: supplemented (GS; N = 11; 1,8 g/day of L-carnitine) or placebo (GP; N = 10; maltodextrin). Caloric intake, anthropometry, RMR, VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio and plasma FFA were measured. RESULTS: No significant changes were found in the caloric intake (-244,66 vs. -126,00 kcal/day), body composition (-0.07 vs. -0.17 kg/m²), RMR (0.06 vs. -0.02 kcal/day), respiratory exchange ratio at rest (3.69 vs. -1.01) and exercise (0.01 vs. -0.01) or VO2max (0.50 vs. 1.25 mL/kg/min) between GS and GP. Plasma FFA levels were increased under resting conditions only in the GP group (0.27), but no significant changes were observed before or after physical activity in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with L-carnitine caused no changes in the variables analyzed in this study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Carnitine/administration & dosage , Exercise/physiology , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Obesity/drug therapy , Rest/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Basal Metabolism/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
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